The
purpose of the Haitian music billboard is to establish an electronic archive that
will serve to promote the understanding, and appreciation of Haitian music through
publication and recordings,
as well as providing the public access to all Haitian recordings. This
billboard will enlist all the genre of Haitian music: Konpa, Racine(voodoo), Djazz
Creole, instrumental. Heritagekonpa would like to dedicate this Billboard to all
Haitian artists who have contributed to the evolution and development of Haitian
music across the World.
The
early history of popular Haitian music is marked by the appearance of big band
, such as Septentrional, Nemours Jean Baptiste, Webert Sicot, Tropicana, Difficile,
Gypsy De Petion ville,Tabou Combo, Magnum Band, Skah Shah, Shleu, Shleu, Jazz
Des Jeunes, Bossa Combo, DP Express, and Scorpio. These groups are often consisted
of 13 to 18 musicians, and play with a full set of instruments: two guitar ( lead
& rhythm), bass, percussion, conga(tambour), keyboard or piano, drum, sax,
trombone, trumpet, and two singers. Where as traditional Haitian music, Twoubadou
( country) features artists like Ti Paris and Althery Dorival who just play with
a set of 3 to 5 musicians: two lead guitars, and a conga (tambour). This era also
gave birth to tremendous and excellent solo artist, such as Gerald Dupervil, Guy
Durosier, Leon Dimanche, Ansy & Yole Derole, Lemane Casimir, Dodof Legros,
to name a few.
The
most popular form of Haitian music was created by Nemour Jean Baptiste, Webert
Sicot, Djazz Des Jeunes and Septentrional in the early 40's. However, Haitian
music dates back to the native Indians who originally inhabited the Island Hispanola
several hundred years before the arrival of Africans in Haiti.
According to Dr. Gage Averill, who is the chairman of New York University Music
Department. Ricardo Widmaier, a Germain-Swiss immigrant, first recorded Jazz Guinard
( Haitian Jazz) at 78 rpm ) in his radio station HH3W, Port-au-Prince. Konpa first
commercial record, Konpa direck, was made in 1956 by Nemours Jean Baptiste (under
the direction of Herby Widmaier).The record had a profound effect on Haitian musicians
and the public. Nemours' konpa style set the precedent for all konpa bands from
Tabou to Sweet Micky. Konpa's first record reflects all the tendencies in African
music which is organized to reflect around rhythm and accent. Improvisation is
also a big part of Haitian music, as most musicians have successfully create their
craft from there.
As
Haitian music proliferated into the late 20th century, traditional band music
gradually changed, there was less emphasis on live instruments. The digital era
in konpa, which began with Top Vice in the mid-80's, was a big shift in Haitian
music from big band konpa to preprogram sequence, where almost every instrument
was programmed into a drum machine (electronic). As result most new band consist
of only 3 to 4 musicians: a lead guitar, bass, drum machine, and a lead singer.
The
following inscriptions denoted the difference in bands: F= full band; T= twoubadou;
E= electronic bands; S= single artists; and P= project albums.
We
would like to thank Heritagekonpa Research Department, Dr. Gage Averill, who has
done extensive research on Haitian music, and everyone who has contributed to
this project.
Written
by Rene Devis & Scheeler Devis